to break

שָׁבַרI (b. h.) 1) to break. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41d (play on אכל תשברו, Deut. 2:6) באכל תִּשְׁבְּרוֹ האכלתו שְׁבַרְתּוֹ with food break him (his ill-will); when thou hast given him to eat, thou hast broken him; אם היה קשה עליך באכל תשברווכ׳ if he is hard on thee, break him with food, and if not (if thou succeedest not with food), heap silver upon him; Y.Sabb.I, 3c bot. Tanḥ. Shlaḥ. 9 נתכוונו … לִשְׁבּוֹר לבןוכ׳ the spies intended to break the heart (courage) of the Israelites (ref. to ויניאו, Num. 32:9). Tosef.B. Mets. II, 26 אוהבו … כדי לשבור את לבו if a friend requires help for loading, and an enemy for unloading (to relieve the broken down beast of burden), it is commended to help the enemy in order to break his heart (hatred); (B. Mets.32b כדי לכוף את יצרו). Pesik. Eth Korb., p. 59b> נטל את הטבלא … ושְׁבָרָהּ he took the plate … and shattered it. Ex. R. s. 18 (ref. to Ps. 77:7) נזכרת אני את השברים שהיית שוֹבֵרוכ׳ I remember the breaks with which thou brokest (the calamities with which thou didst visit) the empires for me by night; בא … שָׁבַרְתָּוכ׳ Sennacherib came upon me, thou brokest him at night (v. infra Hof.); a. v. fr.Y.Shebi.VIII, beg.37d כל מִדרש שאתה דורש ושוֹבֵרוכ׳ a textual interpretation which you introduce, and by which you break (upset partially) a previous interpretation of the same verse, is no legitimate interpretation. Tanḥ. Vayera 13 סופו … שובר את ראשו the end of the verse breaks (contradicts) its beginning. Cant. R. to VII, 9 (expl. דתבריא, Dan. 3:2) the scholars (scholastici) are called dthabraya (v. תְּבַר), שהם שוֹבְרִים הדברים because they break (twist out of joint) the words (of the law).Part. pass. שָׁבוּר, f. שְׁבוּרָה having a broken limb, injured. B. Mets.I, 4 רצין … אחר צבי ש׳ running … after a wounded deer. Ib. 94b ש׳ ומתה a borrowed animal that was injured or that died. Ib. נשבעין על הש׳ must make oath concerning an injured animal in their charge; a. fr. 2) (denom. of שוֹבֵר) to give a receipt; to acknowledge payment; to acquit. Tosef.Keth.IV, 11 שָׁבְרָה לו (על) מקצת כתובתה שברה לו על כולה if she gave him a receipt for a portion of her jointure, she has released him of all obligations of the marriage contract. Ib. IX, 1 כונסה … והיא שוֹבֶרֶת לווכ׳ he marries her and divorces her (and remarries her), and she gives him a receipt for her jointure (by which act the mortgage on the entire estate is cancelled); Y. ib. VIII, 32b bot.; Y.Yeb.IV, 5d; a. fr. Pi. שִׁבֵּר to break. Sabb.105b המקרע … והמְשַׁבֵּר כליווכ׳ he who in his anger tears his garment or breaks his vessels, … let him be in thy sight like an idolater; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּבָּר. Pesik. R. s. 17 (ref. to Job 1:15) מש׳ ומלוקה היה he (that escaped) was broken of limbs and smitten; Ruth R. to I, 5; Lev. R. s. 17 מוּשְׁבָּר; Yalk. Job 892 מושבר. Hof. הוּשְׁבַּר to be broken. Pesik. Vattom., p. 129b> (ref. to Ps. 77:7) נזכרת אני שֶׁבֶר שהוּשְׁבַּרְתִּיוכ׳ (not שכר שהושכ׳) I remember how I was broken (crushed) among the empires (v. supra); Lam. R. to I, 2 שהָשְׁבַּרְתִּי … בלילןוכ׳ how I was broken before thee in the night of persecution by the empires; Yalk. Ps. 816; a. fr.Part. מוּשְׁבָּר, v. supra. Nif. נִשְׁבָּר, Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּבֵּר, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּבֵּר same. B. Mets.VI, 4. Kel. III, 3. ונִשְׁבְּרָה and was again broken. Ib. XI, 1 נִשְׁבְּרוּ טהרו when they are broken, they are no longer susceptible of uncleanness. Gen. R. s. 91 נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ שיניהם their teeth were broken (fell out). Y.Kidd.I, beg.58b נשבר קל וחומר the conclusion a minori is impaired. Ab. Zar.50b, sq. זריקה מִשְׁתַּבֶּרֶת an interrupted throwing, i. e. sprinkling a liquid, but not throwing a solid object; a. fr.Treat. Der. Er. ch. X מִשְׁתַּבֵּר על השיש ‘has his limbs broken (a sort of massage) on the marble floor (in the bath-house, in the presence of other people).

שָׁבַרI (b. h.) 1) to break. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41d (play on אכל תשברו, Deut. 2:6) באכל תִּשְׁבְּרוֹ האכלתו שְׁבַרְתּוֹ with food break him (his ill-will); when thou hast given him to eat, thou hast broken him; אם היה קשה עליך באכל תשברווכ׳ if he is hard on thee, break him with food, and if not (if thou succeedest not with food), heap silver upon him; Y.Sabb.I, 3c bot. Tanḥ. Shlaḥ. 9 נתכוונו … לִשְׁבּוֹר לבןוכ׳ the spies intended to break the heart (courage) of the Israelites (ref. to ויניאו, Num. 32:9). Tosef.B. Mets. II, 26 אוהבו … כדי לשבור את לבו if a friend requires help for loading, and an enemy for unloading (to relieve the broken down beast of burden), it is commended to help the enemy in order to break his heart (hatred); (B. Mets.32b כדי לכוף את יצרו). Pesik. Eth Korb., p. 59b> נטל את הטבלא … ושְׁבָרָהּ he took the plate … and shattered it. Ex. R. s. 18 (ref. to Ps. 77:7) נזכרת אני את השברים שהיית שוֹבֵרוכ׳ I remember the breaks with which thou brokest (the calamities with which thou didst visit) the empires for me by night; בא … שָׁבַרְתָּוכ׳ Sennacherib came upon me, thou brokest him at night (v. infra Hof.); a. v. fr.Y.Shebi.VIII, beg.37d כל מִדרש שאתה דורש ושוֹבֵרוכ׳ a textual interpretation which you introduce, and by which you break (upset partially) a previous interpretation of the same verse, is no legitimate interpretation. Tanḥ. Vayera 13 סופו … שובר את ראשו the end of the verse breaks (contradicts) its beginning. Cant. R. to VII, 9 (expl. דתבריא, Dan. 3:2) the scholars (scholastici) are called dthabraya (v. תְּבַר), שהם שוֹבְרִים הדברים because they break (twist out of joint) the words (of the law).Part. pass. שָׁבוּר, f. שְׁבוּרָה having a broken limb, injured. B. Mets.I, 4 רצין … אחר צבי ש׳ running … after a wounded deer. Ib. 94b ש׳ ומתה a borrowed animal that was injured or that died. Ib. נשבעין על הש׳ must make oath concerning an injured animal in their charge; a. fr. 2) (denom. of שוֹבֵר) to give a receipt; to acknowledge payment; to acquit. Tosef.Keth.IV, 11 שָׁבְרָה לו (על) מקצת כתובתה שברה לו על כולה if she gave him a receipt for a portion of her jointure, she has released him of all obligations of the marriage contract. Ib. IX, 1 כונסה … והיא שוֹבֶרֶת לווכ׳ he marries her and divorces her (and remarries her), and she gives him a receipt for her jointure (by which act the mortgage on the entire estate is cancelled); Y. ib. VIII, 32b bot.; Y.Yeb.IV, 5d; a. fr. Pi. שִׁבֵּר to break. Sabb.105b המקרע … והמְשַׁבֵּר כליווכ׳ he who in his anger tears his garment or breaks his vessels, … let him be in thy sight like an idolater; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּבָּר. Pesik. R. s. 17 (ref. to Job 1:15) מש׳ ומלוקה היה he (that escaped) was broken of limbs and smitten; Ruth R. to I, 5; Lev. R. s. 17 מוּשְׁבָּר; Yalk. Job 892 מושבר. Hof. הוּשְׁבַּר to be broken. Pesik. Vattom., p. 129b> (ref. to Ps. 77:7) נזכרת אני שֶׁבֶר שהוּשְׁבַּרְתִּיוכ׳ (not שכר שהושכ׳) I remember how I was broken (crushed) among the empires (v. supra); Lam. R. to I, 2 שהָשְׁבַּרְתִּי … בלילןוכ׳ how I was broken before thee in the night of persecution by the empires; Yalk. Ps. 816; a. fr.Part. מוּשְׁבָּר, v. supra. Nif. נִשְׁבָּר, Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּבֵּר, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּבֵּר same. B. Mets.VI, 4. Kel. III, 3. ונִשְׁבְּרָה and was again broken. Ib. XI, 1 נִשְׁבְּרוּ טהרו when they are broken, they are no longer susceptible of uncleanness. Gen. R. s. 91 נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ שיניהם their teeth were broken (fell out). Y.Kidd.I, beg.58b נשבר קל וחומר the conclusion a minori is impaired. Ab. Zar.50b, sq. זריקה מִשְׁתַּבֶּרֶת an interrupted throwing, i. e. sprinkling a liquid, but not throwing a solid object; a. fr.Treat. Der. Er. ch. X מִשְׁתַּבֵּר על השיש ‘has his limbs broken (a sort of massage) on the marble floor (in the bath-house, in the presence of other people).

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פָּרַסI, פָּרַשׂ, (b. h.) 1) to split, break, esp. (v. בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. R. Hash. 29b לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסהוכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניווכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pes.37a; Men.78b (expl. מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואיןוכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; a. e.Part. pass. פָּרוּס; f. פְּרוּסָה; pl. פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Lev. R. s. 34 (ref. to פָּרֹס, Is. 58:7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break, but, ‘behold broken; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed Y.Dem.I, 21d bot. בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opp. שלם. Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. פ׳ של חטים (sub. פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; a. fr.V. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. 2) (cmp. פָּרַץ) to break through; Part. pass. as ab. open, plain. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. V, 4, v. סַוָּאר. 3) to spread. Meg.III, 3 (28a) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma III, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדיןוכ׳ (Y. ed. פָּרְשׂוּ), v. סָדִין. Num. R. s. 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Ex. R. s. 42 אחז … ופ׳הקב״הוכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. Ib. (ref. to ̇פּר̇ש̇ז̇, Job 26:9) פ̇׳ ר̇חום ש̇די ז̇יווכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; ib. s. 41 פ׳ והגין עליוהקב״ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמאוכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered Part. pass. as ab. Ab. III, 16, v. מְצוּדָה; a. e.פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Barkhu), esp. to recite the prayers for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (cmp. Ber.51a פריס סודרא, quot. in next w.). Meg.IV, 3 (23b) אין פורסין על שמעוכ׳ (Mish. ed. את; Mish. Pes. פורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; (Rashi: to divide the Shma (v. supra), i. e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;) Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. פורסין את שמע. Ib. IV, 5 המפטיר … פורסוכ׳, v. פָּטַר. Ib. 6. Lev. R. s. 23 א״ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Cant. R. to II, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); a. fr. Nif. נִפְרַס, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵס to be divided, broken. Tbul Yom III, 1, v. עָרָה II. B. Mets.VII, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיס 1) to assign, give a share, a present. Gen. R. s. 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִיםוכ׳ Ar. (ed. מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, v. פָּרַן. Yalk. ib. 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, v. פְּרָת. 2) (denom. of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Shmini, ch. V, Par. 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Ḥull.59a אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסהוכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; a. e.Ib. 51b ה׳ע״ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spines being unaffected).Trnsf. to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean, v. Lev. R. s. 13, end), to pretend piety. Gen. R. s. 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמהוכ׳ (some ed. מפרים, corr. acc.) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalk. ib. 38; Lev. R. s. 10 כמַעֲרִים, v. עָרַם II). Pi. פֵּירֵס, פֵּירֵש 1) to spread. Bekh.44a (ref. to Ex. 40:19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Sabb.92a פרשו; Yalk. Ex. 372; a. e. 2) to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדה she became menstruous. Keth.2a. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr.

פָּרַסI, פָּרַשׂ, (b. h.) 1) to split, break, esp. (v. בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. R. Hash. 29b לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסהוכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניווכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pes.37a; Men.78b (expl. מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואיןוכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; a. e.Part. pass. פָּרוּס; f. פְּרוּסָה; pl. פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Lev. R. s. 34 (ref. to פָּרֹס, Is. 58:7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break, but, ‘behold broken; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed Y.Dem.I, 21d bot. בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opp. שלם. Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. פ׳ של חטים (sub. פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; a. fr.V. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. 2) (cmp. פָּרַץ) to break through; Part. pass. as ab. open, plain. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. V, 4, v. סַוָּאר. 3) to spread. Meg.III, 3 (28a) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma III, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדיןוכ׳ (Y. ed. פָּרְשׂוּ), v. סָדִין. Num. R. s. 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Ex. R. s. 42 אחז … ופ׳הקב״הוכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. Ib. (ref. to ̇פּר̇ש̇ז̇, Job 26:9) פ̇׳ ר̇חום ש̇די ז̇יווכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; ib. s. 41 פ׳ והגין עליוהקב״ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; a. fr.Deut. R. s. 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמאוכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered Part. pass. as ab. Ab. III, 16, v. מְצוּדָה; a. e.פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Barkhu), esp. to recite the prayers for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (cmp. Ber.51a פריס סודרא, quot. in next w.). Meg.IV, 3 (23b) אין פורסין על שמעוכ׳ (Mish. ed. את; Mish. Pes. פורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; (Rashi: to divide the Shma (v. supra), i. e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;) Y. ib. IV, 75a bot. פורסין את שמע. Ib. IV, 5 המפטיר … פורסוכ׳, v. פָּטַר. Ib. 6. Lev. R. s. 23 א״ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Cant. R. to II, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); a. fr. Nif. נִפְרַס, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵס to be divided, broken. Tbul Yom III, 1, v. עָרָה II. B. Mets.VII, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיס 1) to assign, give a share, a present. Gen. R. s. 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִיםוכ׳ Ar. (ed. מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, v. פָּרַן. Yalk. ib. 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, v. פְּרָת. 2) (denom. of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Shmini, ch. V, Par. 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Ḥull.59a אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסהוכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; a. e.Ib. 51b ה׳ע״ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spines being unaffected).Trnsf. to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean, v. Lev. R. s. 13, end), to pretend piety. Gen. R. s. 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמהוכ׳ (some ed. מפרים, corr. acc.) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalk. ib. 38; Lev. R. s. 10 כמַעֲרִים, v. עָרַם II). Pi. פֵּירֵס, פֵּירֵש 1) to spread. Bekh.44a (ref. to Ex. 40:19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Sabb.92a פרשו; Yalk. Ex. 372; a. e. 2) to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדה she became menstruous. Keth.2a. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr.

בָּצַע(b. h.; √בץ; cmp. בזע, בקע, פצע) 1) to cut, break, esp. to break bread and say the blessing. Ḥull.7b מימיו לא ב׳ עלוכ׳ never said grace over a piece of bread which was not his own (never accepted an invitation). Ber.46a בע״הב בּוֹצֵעַוכ׳ the host breaks the bread and the guest says grace after meal. Ib. 47a אין הבוצע רשאי לִבְצוֹעַוכ׳ he who is chosen to break the bread, must not begin to break until the Amen of those that respond (to the blessing) is finished; a. fr. 2) to split the difference, to adjust, compromise. Snh.6b top נגמר … לבצוע after the legal proceedings are closed, thou must not act as an arbiter in a compromise. Ib. אסור לב׳ the court is forbidden to attempt a settlement (you must let the law take its course). Ib. מצוה לב׳ it is a meritorious act to bring about a settlement. Ib. (before having formed an opinion the judge may say) צאו ובִצְעוּ go out and settle; a. fr. Pi. בִּצַּע to adjust. Y.Snh.I, 18b top המְבַצֵּעַ חוטא the judge who settles a case is a sinner. Ib. לְבַצֵּעַ (interch. with לבצוע). V. בִּיצּוּעַ.

בָּצַע(b. h.; √בץ; cmp. בזע, בקע, פצע) 1) to cut, break, esp. to break bread and say the blessing. Ḥull.7b מימיו לא ב׳ עלוכ׳ never said grace over a piece of bread which was not his own (never accepted an invitation). Ber.46a בע״הב בּוֹצֵעַוכ׳ the host breaks the bread and the guest says grace after meal. Ib. 47a אין הבוצע רשאי לִבְצוֹעַוכ׳ he who is chosen to break the bread, must not begin to break until the Amen of those that respond (to the blessing) is finished; a. fr. 2) to split the difference, to adjust, compromise. Snh.6b top נגמר … לבצוע after the legal proceedings are closed, thou must not act as an arbiter in a compromise. Ib. אסור לב׳ the court is forbidden to attempt a settlement (you must let the law take its course). Ib. מצוה לב׳ it is a meritorious act to bring about a settlement. Ib. (before having formed an opinion the judge may say) צאו ובִצְעוּ go out and settle; a. fr. Pi. בִּצַּע to adjust. Y.Snh.I, 18b top המְבַצֵּעַ חוטא the judge who settles a case is a sinner. Ib. לְבַצֵּעַ (interch. with לבצוע). V. בִּיצּוּעַ.

בָּקַע(b. h.; √בק, v. בְּקָא) 1) to split, chop; to break through. B. Mets.99a בָּ׳ בו; (Kidd.47b בִּיקַּע) if he chopped wood with it. Gen. R. s. 55, end; Koh. R. to X, 9; II, 23, v. בְּקִיעָה. Ex. R. s. 21 אני בוֹקֵעַ להםוכ׳ I am going to split the sea for them; a. fr.Lam. R. to II, 2 כקעו בחיילותיווכ׳ broke through the lines of N.s armies; Y.Taan.IV, 69b top ברחו לתוך. 2) to cross, make a short cut, pass over. Y.Pes.I, 27b bot. חצר שהרבים בּוֹקְעִיןוכ׳ a court which people use for crossing. Erub.16b; Sabb.101b (a low wall) שהגדייםוכ׳ ב׳ over which the kids pass; v. בִּקְעָה. 3) (cmp. בִּצְבֵּץ) to break through the ground, esp. as a legal fiction for a levitical impurity the cause of which is underground, but which affects the things above and beneath. Ohol. VI, 6 טומאה בּוֹקַעַתוכ׳ the impurity breaks through the ground and rises, and breaks through and goes down; a. fr.Koh. R. III, 16 היה הדם בו׳ ועולה the blood broke through and rose. Midr. Till. to Ps. 78:45 ב׳ את הצור, ב׳ בצור break through (take root in) the rock; a. fr. Nif. נִבְקַע to be split, to burst open. Ib. הסיפין נבקעיןוכ׳ the door sells were burst before them. Ib. נ׳ הספל מאליו the vessel went to pieces of itself. Gen. R. s. 55, end זכה להִבָּקַע היםוכ׳ he was rewarded by the sea being divided before the children of Israel. Ḥull.14b שמא יִבָּקַע הנוד the wine bottle may burst; a. fr. Pi. בִּקַּע, בִּיקַּע 1) to split, chop, tear. Kidd.47b, v. supra. Y.Bets. I, 60a bot.; Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41c bot. שביקעו (שבקעו) להםוכ׳ of whose flocks the wolves had torn more than Bets.IV, 3 אין מְבַקְּעִיןוכ׳ one must not split woods (on Holy Days) etc. Sifré Deut. 183 (ref. to Deut. 19:5) מן העץ המְבַקֵּעַ from the splitting wood (the handle), opp. העץ המִתְבַּקֵּעַ the split wood (the tree). Tanḥ. Vayetse 9 בַּקְּעִיוכ׳ chop thou Part. pass. מְבוּקָּע. Ab. Zar.65b מְבוּקָּעוֹת grapes burst open. 2) to jam in, wedge. Sabb.67b המְבַקַּעַת ביצים (Rashi Var. המקבעת, Ms. M. עצים) one who squeezes egg-shells (a superstitious practice; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 18 הנותנת בצים … בכותל). Hif. הִבְקִיעַ 1) to cut, clear. Shebi. IV, 5 המַבְקִיעַ בזתיםוכ׳ he who cuts olive-trees down (in the Sabbath year) must not cover the stump with ground. 2) to lead a line crosswise. Y.Kil.III, 28d top להַבְקִיעַוכ׳ to plant four rows across a valley from end to end. Hithpa. הִתְבַּקֵּעַ to be split; to burst, break. Sifré Deut. 183, v. supra.Sabb.XVI, 5. Cant. R. to vi, 4.

בָּקַע(b. h.; √בק, v. בְּקָא) 1) to split, chop; to break through. B. Mets.99a בָּ׳ בו; (Kidd.47b בִּיקַּע) if he chopped wood with it. Gen. R. s. 55, end; Koh. R. to X, 9; II, 23, v. בְּקִיעָה. Ex. R. s. 21 אני בוֹקֵעַ להםוכ׳ I am going to split the sea for them; a. fr.Lam. R. to II, 2 כקעו בחיילותיווכ׳ broke through the lines of N.s armies; Y.Taan.IV, 69b top ברחו לתוך. 2) to cross, make a short cut, pass over. Y.Pes.I, 27b bot. חצר שהרבים בּוֹקְעִיןוכ׳ a court which people use for crossing. Erub.16b; Sabb.101b (a low wall) שהגדייםוכ׳ ב׳ over which the kids pass; v. בִּקְעָה. 3) (cmp. בִּצְבֵּץ) to break through the ground, esp. as a legal fiction for a levitical impurity the cause of which is underground, but which affects the things above and beneath. Ohol. VI, 6 טומאה בּוֹקַעַתוכ׳ the impurity breaks through the ground and rises, and breaks through and goes down; a. fr.Koh. R. III, 16 היה הדם בו׳ ועולה the blood broke through and rose. Midr. Till. to Ps. 78:45 ב׳ את הצור, ב׳ בצור break through (take root in) the rock; a. fr. Nif. נִבְקַע to be split, to burst open. Ib. הסיפין נבקעיןוכ׳ the door sells were burst before them. Ib. נ׳ הספל מאליו the vessel went to pieces of itself. Gen. R. s. 55, end זכה להִבָּקַע היםוכ׳ he was rewarded by the sea being divided before the children of Israel. Ḥull.14b שמא יִבָּקַע הנוד the wine bottle may burst; a. fr. Pi. בִּקַּע, בִּיקַּע 1) to split, chop, tear. Kidd.47b, v. supra. Y.Bets. I, 60a bot.; Y.Ab. Zar. II, 41c bot. שביקעו (שבקעו) להםוכ׳ of whose flocks the wolves had torn more than Bets.IV, 3 אין מְבַקְּעִיןוכ׳ one must not split woods (on Holy Days) etc. Sifré Deut. 183 (ref. to Deut. 19:5) מן העץ המְבַקֵּעַ from the splitting wood (the handle), opp. העץ המִתְבַּקֵּעַ the split wood (the tree). Tanḥ. Vayetse 9 בַּקְּעִיוכ׳ chop thou Part. pass. מְבוּקָּע. Ab. Zar.65b מְבוּקָּעוֹת grapes burst open. 2) to jam in, wedge. Sabb.67b המְבַקַּעַת ביצים (Rashi Var. המקבעת, Ms. M. עצים) one who squeezes egg-shells (a superstitious practice; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 18 הנותנת בצים … בכותל). Hif. הִבְקִיעַ 1) to cut, clear. Shebi. IV, 5 המַבְקִיעַ בזתיםוכ׳ he who cuts olive-trees down (in the Sabbath year) must not cover the stump with ground. 2) to lead a line crosswise. Y.Kil.III, 28d top להַבְקִיעַוכ׳ to plant four rows across a valley from end to end. Hithpa. הִתְבַּקֵּעַ to be split; to burst, break. Sifré Deut. 183, v. supra.Sabb.XVI, 5. Cant. R. to vi, 4.

חָלַל(b. h.; v. Ges. H. Dict.10> s. vv. חלל I, II) 1) (v. חוּל) to roll, turn. Ber.32a (ref. to ייחל, Ex. 32:11) שחַל עליהם מדת הדין למדת הרחמים Ms. M. (v. חָלָה) he (Moses) turned justice into mercy in their behalf; Yalk. Ex. 392 הֵחֵל (Hif.).Tanḥ. Yithro 1 מת חולל, read וחָלָל. 2) to bore, hollow, pierce, v. חָלִיל, חָלָל I. 3) to surround; to place outside a circle, v. חוֹל III, חִילּוֹנִי. Nif. נֶחְלַל (v. חָלָל I) to be cut all around, be severed. Naz.54a (ref. to Num. 19:18) בחלל זה אבר הנ׳ מן החיוכ׳ ‘on something severed, that means a limb which has been cut off a living body, and on which there was not flesh enough to have made healing possible; במת זה אבר הנ׳וכ׳ ‘on something dead, that means a limb severed from a corpse; ib. 53b. Nif. נָחוֹל to become חוּלִּין, to cease to be sacred. Shebi. I, 8 עד שיֵחוֹלּוּ until the fruits become available for private use; Y. ib. 33c top מהו עד שיח׳ עד שיפדו או עד שיעשו חוליןוכ׳ what does ad sheyeḥôllu mean? Until they are redeemed (in the fourth year), or until they become ḥullin of themselves (in the fifth year)? Hif. הֵיחֵל 1) ( to set in motion, to begin. Sifré Num. 134 (ref. to Deut. 3:24) אתה הֲחִילּוֹתָוכ׳ thou hast begun to open the door Dem. VII, 4 ומֵיחֵל ושותה Y. ed. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) and he may at once commence drinking (Maim.; v. infra). 2) to make חוּלִּין; to break a vow; to profane. Ber. l. c. (ref. to Num. 30:3) הוא אינו מֵיחֵל אבל אחרים מְחַלִּין לו he himself cannot break a vow, but others may break it for him (absolve him; Ḥag.10a … מיחל … מוֹחֲלִין; Ex. R. s. 43 מוחל אבל.… חכם מוֹחֵל, corr. acc.). Dem. l. c. ומיחל ושותה and thus he redeems, and he may drink (R. S.); Tosef. ib. VIII, 7 ומ׳ ושותה מיד.Kidd.77a (ref. to Lev. 21:15) מֵיחֵל he produces profanation (begets degraded priests), v. חָלָל II. 3) to turn, change. Yalk. Ex. 392, v. supra. Pi. חִלֵּל 1) to break a vow, to profane, to desecrate; to degrade. Deut. R. s. 2 (play on החלת, Deut. 3:24) חִלַּלְתָּוכ׳ hast thou not broken the oath? (Sifré Num. 134 הֲחִלּוֹתָ, v. supra). Ab. III, 11 המְחַלֵּל את הקדשים who treats profanely sacred things (causes them to be carried out and burnt). Ab. Zar.28a מְחַלְּלִין עליהוכ׳ you may desecrate the Sabbath for the sake of curing it; a. fr.Esp. to cause the loss of the priestly status. Macc.2a המְחַלֵּל אינו מִתְחַלֵּל he (the priest marrying a divorced woman) who causes the loss of priestly status (to his issue) does not lose the priestly status himself; הבא לחַלֵּל ולא חִילֵּל he who intended to cause the loss of priestly status (by false testimony) and did not succeed. 2) (v. Deut. 14:24, sq.) to redeem, to make available for private use. Maas. Sh. I, 2; a. fr. Pa. חוּלָּל 1) to be removed from the priestly status, become a חָלָל. Kidd.77a (ref. to Lev. 21:15 ‘he shall not degrade) לא יְחוּלָּל זהוכ׳ no degradation shall be causedwhich can only refer to a person who had a status and now becomes degraded (i. e. his wife). 2) to be redeemed, to become secular again. Part. מְחוּלָּל, f. מְחוּלֶּלֶת. Dem. V, 1, a. fr. ומח׳ על המעות and it is redeemed by setting aside its value. Maas. Sh. II, 10 מה … סלע זו ח׳ עליו (not על זו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) this Sela (which has been set apart as an equivalent for second tithes) shall be redeemed against the wine which the clean (sons of mine) may drink in Jerusalem, i. e. I buy with this Sela only that portion of the wine which the clean may drink. Ib. הרי מעות האלו מְחוּלָּלִיםוכ׳ that money (dedicated for purchasing equivalents in Jerusalem) shall be redeemed against thy fruits; a. v. fr. 3) to be loosely joined, to be a movable link. Sabb.52b במְחוּלָּלִין referring to movable links, (v. חוּלְיָא I). Y.Pes.I, 27c top במְחוּלָּלוֹת when the vessels can be rolled about, opp. אפוצות close together (v. חִלְחֵל). Hithpa. הִתְחַלֵּל, Nithpa. נִתְחַלֵּל 1) ( to be perforated, (of bowels) to be loose. Esth. R. to I, 8 שיִתְחַלְּלוּ מעיו. 2) to be profaned, desecrated, degraded. Ab. I, 11. Macc.2a, v. supra. Yeb.79a ואל יתְחַלֵּלוכ׳ rather than that the name of the Lord be profaned in public; a. fr.

חָלַל(b. h.; v. Ges. H. Dict.10> s. vv. חלל I, II) 1) (v. חוּל) to roll, turn. Ber.32a (ref. to ייחל, Ex. 32:11) שחַל עליהם מדת הדין למדת הרחמים Ms. M. (v. חָלָה) he (Moses) turned justice into mercy in their behalf; Yalk. Ex. 392 הֵחֵל (Hif.).Tanḥ. Yithro 1 מת חולל, read וחָלָל. 2) to bore, hollow, pierce, v. חָלִיל, חָלָל I. 3) to surround; to place outside a circle, v. חוֹל III, חִילּוֹנִי. Nif. נֶחְלַל (v. חָלָל I) to be cut all around, be severed. Naz.54a (ref. to Num. 19:18) בחלל זה אבר הנ׳ מן החיוכ׳ ‘on something severed, that means a limb which has been cut off a living body, and on which there was not flesh enough to have made healing possible; במת זה אבר הנ׳וכ׳ ‘on something dead, that means a limb severed from a corpse; ib. 53b. Nif. נָחוֹל to become חוּלִּין, to cease to be sacred. Shebi. I, 8 עד שיֵחוֹלּוּ until the fruits become available for private use; Y. ib. 33c top מהו עד שיח׳ עד שיפדו או עד שיעשו חוליןוכ׳ what does ad sheyeḥôllu mean? Until they are redeemed (in the fourth year), or until they become ḥullin of themselves (in the fifth year)? Hif. הֵיחֵל 1) ( to set in motion, to begin. Sifré Num. 134 (ref. to Deut. 3:24) אתה הֲחִילּוֹתָוכ׳ thou hast begun to open the door Dem. VII, 4 ומֵיחֵל ושותה Y. ed. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) and he may at once commence drinking (Maim.; v. infra). 2) to make חוּלִּין; to break a vow; to profane. Ber. l. c. (ref. to Num. 30:3) הוא אינו מֵיחֵל אבל אחרים מְחַלִּין לו he himself cannot break a vow, but others may break it for him (absolve him; Ḥag.10a … מיחל … מוֹחֲלִין; Ex. R. s. 43 מוחל אבל.… חכם מוֹחֵל, corr. acc.). Dem. l. c. ומיחל ושותה and thus he redeems, and he may drink (R. S.); Tosef. ib. VIII, 7 ומ׳ ושותה מיד.Kidd.77a (ref. to Lev. 21:15) מֵיחֵל he produces profanation (begets degraded priests), v. חָלָל II. 3) to turn, change. Yalk. Ex. 392, v. supra. Pi. חִלֵּל 1) to break a vow, to profane, to desecrate; to degrade. Deut. R. s. 2 (play on החלת, Deut. 3:24) חִלַּלְתָּוכ׳ hast thou not broken the oath? (Sifré Num. 134 הֲחִלּוֹתָ, v. supra). Ab. III, 11 המְחַלֵּל את הקדשים who treats profanely sacred things (causes them to be carried out and burnt). Ab. Zar.28a מְחַלְּלִין עליהוכ׳ you may desecrate the Sabbath for the sake of curing it; a. fr.Esp. to cause the loss of the priestly status. Macc.2a המְחַלֵּל אינו מִתְחַלֵּל he (the priest marrying a divorced woman) who causes the loss of priestly status (to his issue) does not lose the priestly status himself; הבא לחַלֵּל ולא חִילֵּל he who intended to cause the loss of priestly status (by false testimony) and did not succeed. 2) (v. Deut. 14:24, sq.) to redeem, to make available for private use. Maas. Sh. I, 2; a. fr. Pa. חוּלָּל 1) to be removed from the priestly status, become a חָלָל. Kidd.77a (ref. to Lev. 21:15 ‘he shall not degrade) לא יְחוּלָּל זהוכ׳ no degradation shall be causedwhich can only refer to a person who had a status and now becomes degraded (i. e. his wife). 2) to be redeemed, to become secular again. Part. מְחוּלָּל, f. מְחוּלֶּלֶת. Dem. V, 1, a. fr. ומח׳ על המעות and it is redeemed by setting aside its value. Maas. Sh. II, 10 מה … סלע זו ח׳ עליו (not על זו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) this Sela (which has been set apart as an equivalent for second tithes) shall be redeemed against the wine which the clean (sons of mine) may drink in Jerusalem, i. e. I buy with this Sela only that portion of the wine which the clean may drink. Ib. הרי מעות האלו מְחוּלָּלִיםוכ׳ that money (dedicated for purchasing equivalents in Jerusalem) shall be redeemed against thy fruits; a. v. fr. 3) to be loosely joined, to be a movable link. Sabb.52b במְחוּלָּלִין referring to movable links, (v. חוּלְיָא I). Y.Pes.I, 27c top במְחוּלָּלוֹת when the vessels can be rolled about, opp. אפוצות close together (v. חִלְחֵל). Hithpa. הִתְחַלֵּל, Nithpa. נִתְחַלֵּל 1) ( to be perforated, (of bowels) to be loose. Esth. R. to I, 8 שיִתְחַלְּלוּ מעיו. 2) to be profaned, desecrated, degraded. Ab. I, 11. Macc.2a, v. supra. Yeb.79a ואל יתְחַלֵּלוכ׳ rather than that the name of the Lord be profaned in public; a. fr.

פָּקַע(cmp. בקעי) to split; to burst; to break forth, escape. Gen. R. s. 32 אינו מספיק … עד שהיא פוֹקַעַת he scarcely beats it (the bad flax) once, when it bursts; ib. s. 34; Yalk. Is. 350. Gen. R. l. c. שאינו מקיש עליהם אחת עד שהיא פוקעת he knocks at them (the bad earthen vessels) scarcely once, and one is cracked (ib. s. 32 עד שהוא שיברם). Y.Maasr.III, 50d top פעמים שהיא פוקעתוכ׳ sometimes it (the fig) bursts under the wheel. Zeb.IX, 6 גחלת שפָּקְעָה מעלוכ׳ a coal that sprang from the altar; אברים שפָּקְעוּוכ׳ chips of limbs that sprang off the altar. Tosef.Par.III (II), 11 פ׳ מעירהוכ׳ if a part of her skin … (in burning the red cow) leaped off beyond the pit. Ib. 12. Yalk. Num. 761 את הפּוֹקְעִין the portions which spring off, v. פֶּקַע; a. fr.Pesik. R. s. 11 או שמא תִפְקַע האוזןוכ׳ (or תִפָּקַע Nif.) or (I would venture to say it, were I not afraid,) lest the ear of the hearer burst, i. e. it is almost blasphemous to say it; (Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod., s. 2 כדי שתבקע אוזן it is enough for an ear to burst). Y.Yeb.I, 2c bot. פקעו ממנה קידושין (not ופקעו) the betrothal rebounds from her, i. e. has no legal effect, opp. חלו עליה.Part. pass. פָּקוּעַ; f. פְּקוּעָה an animal which is ripped open; בן (ה) פ׳ an animal taken alive out of the slaughtered mothers womb. Ḥull.69a; a. fr. Pi. פִּקֵּעַ to cause splitting. Y.Pes.VII, 35b top שלא לפַקֵּעַ תחת הבשר in order not to cause a splitting of the bone under the flesh, v. פֶּקַע. Hif. הִפְקִיעַ 1) to split, break open. Sabb.III, 3 (38b) לא יַפְקִיעֶנָּה בסודרין he must not break it (the egg) over a hot cloth, rashi (oth. interpret.: he must not cause it to crack by wrapping it in a hot cloth and rolling it; v. Tosaf. Yom Tob a. l.). 2) to strip, pluck, ravel out. Bets.31b מתיר ומַפְקִיעַ וחותך may untie (the knot, v. חוֹתָם), or ravel out or cut through; Sabb.146a; Y. ib. XV, beg.15a, a. e. ומַפְקִיעִין, v. פִּקְפֵּק. Succ.V, 3 מהן היו מַפְקִיעִין ובהן היו מדליקין they stripped them (the worn-out belts of priests) and used them for wicks; Sabb.21a בגדי … מפקיעין אותן ומהן היו עושין פתילותוכ׳ they ravelled out priestly garments and made of them wicks ; expl. Y.Succ.V, 55b bot. מפשילים, v. פָּשַׁל. Esth. R. to I, 6 הכל מפקיעין בחבליוכ׳ all make straps (for their couches) of woolen or flax ropes, and this wicked man uses byssus and purple; a. fr. 2) (to cause breaking loose,) to release, cancel an obligation. Yeb.66b sq., a. fr. הקדש … מפקיעין מידי שעבוד consecration (of a pledged object), leavened matter (on the entrance of Passover), and liberation (of a pledged slave) cause a release from mortgage (cancel the mortgage contract). Bekh.5a אין בכור מפקיע בכור a first-born Levite could not serve as ransom for a firstborn Israelite; דיו לבכור שיַפְקִיעַוכ׳ it was enough for the first-born Levite that he released his own consecration (that he needed no priest to be substituted for him); a. fr. 3) ה׳ השער to break up, unsettle the market, to raise prices arbitrarily, create a panic. Taan. II, 9 שלא להַפְקִיעַ השערים in order not to cause a sudden rise of market prices (by creating the impression of impending scarcity). Meg.17b כנגד מַפְקִיעֵי שערים a prayer against those who raise prices (speculating on a coming scarcity).

פָּקַע(cmp. בקעי) to split; to burst; to break forth, escape. Gen. R. s. 32 אינו מספיק … עד שהיא פוֹקַעַת he scarcely beats it (the bad flax) once, when it bursts; ib. s. 34; Yalk. Is. 350. Gen. R. l. c. שאינו מקיש עליהם אחת עד שהיא פוקעת he knocks at them (the bad earthen vessels) scarcely once, and one is cracked (ib. s. 32 עד שהוא שיברם). Y.Maasr.III, 50d top פעמים שהיא פוקעתוכ׳ sometimes it (the fig) bursts under the wheel. Zeb.IX, 6 גחלת שפָּקְעָה מעלוכ׳ a coal that sprang from the altar; אברים שפָּקְעוּוכ׳ chips of limbs that sprang off the altar. Tosef.Par.III (II), 11 פ׳ מעירהוכ׳ if a part of her skin … (in burning the red cow) leaped off beyond the pit. Ib. 12. Yalk. Num. 761 את הפּוֹקְעִין the portions which spring off, v. פֶּקַע; a. fr.Pesik. R. s. 11 או שמא תִפְקַע האוזןוכ׳ (or תִפָּקַע Nif.) or (I would venture to say it, were I not afraid,) lest the ear of the hearer burst, i. e. it is almost blasphemous to say it; (Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod., s. 2 כדי שתבקע אוזן it is enough for an ear to burst). Y.Yeb.I, 2c bot. פקעו ממנה קידושין (not ופקעו) the betrothal rebounds from her, i. e. has no legal effect, opp. חלו עליה.Part. pass. פָּקוּעַ; f. פְּקוּעָה an animal which is ripped open; בן (ה) פ׳ an animal taken alive out of the slaughtered mothers womb. Ḥull.69a; a. fr. Pi. פִּקֵּעַ to cause splitting. Y.Pes.VII, 35b top שלא לפַקֵּעַ תחת הבשר in order not to cause a splitting of the bone under the flesh, v. פֶּקַע. Hif. הִפְקִיעַ 1) to split, break open. Sabb.III, 3 (38b) לא יַפְקִיעֶנָּה בסודרין he must not break it (the egg) over a hot cloth, rashi (oth. interpret.: he must not cause it to crack by wrapping it in a hot cloth and rolling it; v. Tosaf. Yom Tob a. l.). 2) to strip, pluck, ravel out. Bets.31b מתיר ומַפְקִיעַ וחותך may untie (the knot, v. חוֹתָם), or ravel out or cut through; Sabb.146a; Y. ib. XV, beg.15a, a. e. ומַפְקִיעִין, v. פִּקְפֵּק. Succ.V, 3 מהן היו מַפְקִיעִין ובהן היו מדליקין they stripped them (the worn-out belts of priests) and used them for wicks; Sabb.21a בגדי … מפקיעין אותן ומהן היו עושין פתילותוכ׳ they ravelled out priestly garments and made of them wicks ; expl. Y.Succ.V, 55b bot. מפשילים, v. פָּשַׁל. Esth. R. to I, 6 הכל מפקיעין בחבליוכ׳ all make straps (for their couches) of woolen or flax ropes, and this wicked man uses byssus and purple; a. fr. 2) (to cause breaking loose,) to release, cancel an obligation. Yeb.66b sq., a. fr. הקדש … מפקיעין מידי שעבוד consecration (of a pledged object), leavened matter (on the entrance of Passover), and liberation (of a pledged slave) cause a release from mortgage (cancel the mortgage contract). Bekh.5a אין בכור מפקיע בכור a first-born Levite could not serve as ransom for a firstborn Israelite; דיו לבכור שיַפְקִיעַוכ׳ it was enough for the first-born Levite that he released his own consecration (that he needed no priest to be substituted for him); a. fr. 3) ה׳ השער to break up, unsettle the market, to raise prices arbitrarily, create a panic. Taan. II, 9 שלא להַפְקִיעַ השערים in order not to cause a sudden rise of market prices (by creating the impression of impending scarcity). Meg.17b כנגד מַפְקִיעֵי שערים a prayer against those who raise prices (speculating on a coming scarcity).

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עָרַף(b. h.) 1) to divide, cut. Sifré Deut. 306 (ref. to יערף, Deut. 32:2) אין יַעֲרֹף … פרוט … אלא עֲרוֹף ליוכ׳ yaʿărof is a Phoenician (mercantile) term, e. g. one does not say to ones neighbor, pʾroṭ (break into small change) this Selʿa for me, but ʿărof for me Denom. עוֹרֶף. 2) (cmp. קָטַף a. קְטָף) to drop, distill. Taan.7a (ref. to Deut. l. c.) אםת״ח … ואם לאו עוֹרְפֵיהוּ כמטר if a scholar is worthy, he is like dew; if unworthy, drop him like rain; Yalk. Deut. 942 עָרְפֵהוּ. 3) (denom. of עוֹרֶף) to break the neck of; esp. to break the neck of a heifer to atone for a murder the author of which is unknown (Deut. 21:1–9); to perform the ceremony of atonement. Sot.IX, 2 לא היו עוֹרְפִין they did not perform the ceremony. Ib. 45b; a. fr.Ib. IX, 5 ועורפין אותה בקופיץוכ׳ and (if the ground is not hard and rough) they cut her head from behind with a hatchet.Part. pass. עָרוּף; f. עֲרוּפָה.עגלה ע׳, v. עֶגְלָה. 4) (cmp. אָחַר) (of copulations of animals) to cover ( from behind). Ib. 42b (play on עָרְפָּה) שהכל עורפיןוכ׳ all covered her from behind. Nif. נֶעֱרַף, Nithpa. נִתְעָרֵף to have the neck broken. Ib. IX, 7 (47a) נמצא … עד שלא נֶעֶרְפָּהוכ׳ (Y. ed. עד שלא תֵיעָרֵף) if the murderer was discovered before the heifer was put to death; משנִתְעָרְפָה העגלה Mish. (Y. a. Bab. ed. משנערפה) after the ceremony had taken place. Ib. 46a יבוא דבר ויֵעָרֵףוכ׳ … let there be brought a thing which has not yet produced fruit (a heifer) and be broken in a place which produces no fruit, and atone for the murder of him who was prevented from producing fruit (good deeds on earth). Ex. R. s. 42, end (play on קשה ערף, Ex. 32:9) ראויים הם להֵעָרֵף they deserve to have their necks broken; a. e.

עָרַף(b. h.) 1) to divide, cut. Sifré Deut. 306 (ref. to יערף, Deut. 32:2) אין יַעֲרֹף … פרוט … אלא עֲרוֹף ליוכ׳ yaʿărof is a Phoenician (mercantile) term, e. g. one does not say to ones neighbor, pʾroṭ (break into small change) this Selʿa for me, but ʿărof for me Denom. עוֹרֶף. 2) (cmp. קָטַף a. קְטָף) to drop, distill. Taan.7a (ref. to Deut. l. c.) אםת״ח … ואם לאו עוֹרְפֵיהוּ כמטר if a scholar is worthy, he is like dew; if unworthy, drop him like rain; Yalk. Deut. 942 עָרְפֵהוּ. 3) (denom. of עוֹרֶף) to break the neck of; esp. to break the neck of a heifer to atone for a murder the author of which is unknown (Deut. 21:1–9); to perform the ceremony of atonement. Sot.IX, 2 לא היו עוֹרְפִין they did not perform the ceremony. Ib. 45b; a. fr.Ib. IX, 5 ועורפין אותה בקופיץוכ׳ and (if the ground is not hard and rough) they cut her head from behind with a hatchet.Part. pass. עָרוּף; f. עֲרוּפָה.עגלה ע׳, v. עֶגְלָה. 4) (cmp. אָחַר) (of copulations of animals) to cover ( from behind). Ib. 42b (play on עָרְפָּה) שהכל עורפיןוכ׳ all covered her from behind. Nif. נֶעֱרַף, Nithpa. נִתְעָרֵף to have the neck broken. Ib. IX, 7 (47a) נמצא … עד שלא נֶעֶרְפָּהוכ׳ (Y. ed. עד שלא תֵיעָרֵף) if the murderer was discovered before the heifer was put to death; משנִתְעָרְפָה העגלה Mish. (Y. a. Bab. ed. משנערפה) after the ceremony had taken place. Ib. 46a יבוא דבר ויֵעָרֵףוכ׳ … let there be brought a thing which has not yet produced fruit (a heifer) and be broken in a place which produces no fruit, and atone for the murder of him who was prevented from producing fruit (good deeds on earth). Ex. R. s. 42, end (play on קשה ערף, Ex. 32:9) ראויים הם להֵעָרֵף they deserve to have their necks broken; a. e.